Vitamin B12 Deficiency Can Show Up Through Numbness And Walking Problems

Vitamin B12 plays an important role in keeping the nervous system and blood cells healthy. It is also needed to make DNA, which is why maintaining adequate levels is important for normal body function.

The problem is that a deficiency may not become obvious immediately. The body stores substantial amounts of B12, so symptoms can take years to appear and may gradually become more noticeable.

One warning sign is unusual numbness or tingling in the hands and feet. Some people may also experience balance problems or difficulty walking when the nervous system is affected. Persistent tiredness and weakness can occur as well, particularly when the deficiency is associated with megaloblastic anemia.

Other possible symptoms include pale skin, poor memory, confusion, mood changes and soreness of the mouth or tongue. These symptoms can have many causes, so they should not automatically be taken as proof of a B12 deficiency.

Diet is one factor that can influence B12 levels. Fish, meat, poultry, eggs, milk and other dairy products naturally provide the vitamin, while some cereals and nutritional yeast products are fortified with B12. Plant foods do not naturally contain B12 unless they have been fortified.

A person can also develop low B12 levels even when their diet appears adequate if the body cannot absorb the vitamin properly. The absorption process depends partly on stomach acid and a protein called intrinsic factor. Certain stomach conditions, intestinal disorders and some gastrointestinal surgeries can interfere with absorption.

Older adults are among the groups that may have difficulty absorbing B12 from food. People who eat little or no animal products, including vegetarians and vegans, may also need to rely on fortified foods or supplements to meet their needs.

A blood test can help determine whether B12 levels are low. Anyone experiencing persistent numbness, weakness, balance problems, unusual tiredness or memory changes should discuss the symptoms with a healthcare professional rather than starting supplements on their own.

If a deficiency is confirmed, the appropriate treatment depends on its cause and how well the body can absorb B12. Supplements or injections may be recommended in some cases under medical guidance.